Plants strongly rhizomatous; rhizomes elongate,
1-6 mm thick, whitish, scales not imbricate. Culms 15-150 cm tall, 1-6
mm thick, usually solitary, indurate. Sheaths glabrous or mostly glabrous,
throats occasionally short-pilose; ligules about 0.5(1) mm; blades
10-50 cm long, 0.5-4(7) mm wide, involute when fresh, abaxial surfaces glabrous,
adaxial surfaces scabrous, margins strongly scabrous; blade of the second leaf
below the panicles 4-40 cm long, 0.5-3(7) mm wide. Panicles 3-15 cm,
not smooth in outline even if the branches appressed, with 2-15 branches; branches
1-7 cm, alternate, differing only slightly in length and spacing within a panicle,
appressed to strongly divergent, with 10-30 spikelets. Spikelets 7-12
mm, linear lanceolate to ovate lanceolate. Glumes glabrous or sparsely
hispidulous on the sides, keels scabrous to hispidulous, trichomes (1) 1.5-2.5
mm, apices acuminate; lower glumes 3-8 mm, linear; upper glumes
7-12 mm, with 2 lateral veins, these on the same side of the keel, usually hispid,
apices acuminate, acute, or obtuse; lemmas mostly glabrous or sparsely
hispidulous, keels hispid distally, apices obtuse, rounded, or obscurely lobed;
anthers 3-5 mm, well-filled, indehiscent. 2n = 40 [28, 35, 42,
56].
Spartina patens grows in coastal salt and brackish waters. It is native
to the east coast of North and Central America, extending through the Caribbean
Islands to the north coast of South America, but is now established at scattered
locations on the west coast of Canada and the United States. On the east coast,
it is usually one of the dominant components of coastal salt marshes, frequently
extending from the dry, sandy beach above the intertidal zone well up into the
drier portions of the marshes. The older inland collections are from areas associated
with brine deposits or saline soils, but there is some indication that the species
range is increasing inland because of the use of salt to de-ice roads in winter.
The inflorescence of Spartina patens is similar to that
of S. bakeri when young, but its inflorescence
branches usually diverge at maturity, whereas those of S. bakeri remain
appressed.
Spartina patens is probably one of the parents of S. ×caespitosa,
S. pectinata being the other. Unlike
S. ×caespitosa, S. patens grows in both disturbed and undisturbed
habitats.
Culms slender, stiff and wiry, 3-10 dm, on long slender rhizomes; lvs 4-30 cm, involute (or flat at base), mostly 1-4 mm wide (when flattened); spikes mostly 2-7, 1.5-5 cm, ascending, not appressed; spikelets closely imbricate, scabro-ciliate on the keels; first glume linear, mucronate, 2-6 mm; second glume narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate or almost aristate, 7.5-13 mm; lemma obtuse, 5.5-8 mm; 2n=28, 42, 56. Salt-marshes and wet beaches; Que. to Fla. and Tex.; also in saline situations inland in c. N.Y., s. Ont., and e. Mich. (S. juncea) The principal source of eastern salt-hay.
Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.
